Sodium in Drinking Water: Safe Limits & Health Considerations
Regulates body fluid balance
Optimal Min in Water
0
Optimal Max in Water
50
Unit
mg/L
Symbol
Na
Who Limit
200
None
5 min read
Overview of Sodium in Drinking Water
What it is: Sodium (Na) is an essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function. In water, it's typically present as sodium chloride (salt) or sodium bicarbonate.
Why it matters: While essential for life, most people consume excess sodium through food. Water is usually a minor source, but high-sodium water can be problematic for those with hypertension, heart disease, or kidney issues.
Natural sources: Seawater intrusion, salt deposits, natural brine, and certain geological formations. Water softeners that replace calcium with sodium can significantly increase levels. Road salt runoff affects some supplies.
Optimal range (0–50 mg/L): Low sodium water is suitable for everyone, including those on sodium-restricted diets. Water tastes clean and neutral. Most municipal supplies and quality bottled waters fall in this range.
Too high (>200 mg/L): May taste salty or brackish. WHO recommends 200 mg/L as the upper limit. High-sodium water should be avoided by those with hypertension, pregnant women, and infants.
Special consideration: Some premium mineral waters (like Vichy-type) are naturally high in sodium bicarbonate. These have specific culinary and digestive uses but aren't ideal for daily hydration.
